Running linux usb stick

Introduction

Ubuntu can be installed from a USB flash drive. This may be necessary for most new portable computers without DVD drives and is handy for others because a USB flash drive is so convenient. Also, you can configure Ubuntu on the USB flash drive to save changes you make, unlike a read-only CD/DVD disk.

Booting from a USB flash drive created with usb-creator alias Startup Disk Creator and mkusb will behave just as if you had booted from the install CD. It will show the language selection and then the install menu, from which you can install Ubuntu onto the computer’s hard drive or launch the LiveCD environment. Other utilities, e.g. UNetbootin, may create slightly different boot drives or if on UEFI might not work at all with Debian iso files due to a bug

Note: This article uses the term «USB flash drive» alongside USB stick, USB drive, USB device, USB pendrive and thumb drive.

Prerequisites

• a 4 GB USB flash device/drive/stick. If the iso file is smaller than 2 GB, it is possible to use a 2 GB USB device, at least with some of the methods. Files on this USB device will be erased, so backup the files you want to keep before making the device bootable. Some of the tools require that this USB device is properly formatted and mounted while other tools will overwrite whatever is on the target device. Please follow the instructions for each tool.
• an Ubuntu flavour ISO file downloaded from an official web page, ubuntu.com/download or http://releases.ubuntu.com, stored in your running computer (for example in the directory Downloads in the internal drive, not in the USB flash drive that you want to make into a USB boot drive).
• Check with md5sum (or another checksum tool) that the download was good. In Linux there is the tool ‘md5sum’. In Windows you can do it with Rufus: click on the circle with a tick mark (more about Rufus here.)

Dummy headlines

After a major remake of this help page the following headlines are kept here because they may be linked to from other web sites. Several other headlines further down in the page are also kept for this reason.

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Quick Guide: Installing Ubuntu from a USB memory stick

This guide will help you install Ubuntu on your computer by using a USB memory stick. USB memory sticks are sometimes known as flash drives, memory pens or USB Mass Storage devices.

Installing from a memory stick is useful if you have a computer without a CD drive (such as a netbook), or prefer the convenience of a memory stick. Alternative methods are available.

It should take around 30 minutes to complete this process, plus the time it takes to download the 700MB installer file. Downloading from a torrent is by far the fastest way of getting it.

This guide will assume that you are running Windows

This guide will assume that you are running Windows. More comprehensive documentation which covers other operating systems is available at Installation/FromUSBStick.

What do I need to get started?

• A memory stick with a capacity of at least 2GB. It will be formatted (erased) during this process, so copy any files that you want to keep to another location. They will all be permanently deleted from the memory stick.
• A computer that can boot (start-up) from a USB memory stick. Many older computers can’t boot from USB – check the boot options in your BIOS (see Start the Ubuntu installer) to see if yours can.
• A computer with
  • at least 384MB of system memory (RAM) for Lubuntu Alternate 32-bit. Other flavours of Ubuntu need at least 1 GB RAM, standard Ubuntu and Kubuntu need 2 GB RAM to work well.
  • 6GB of available hard disk space and
  • a 700MHz or faster x86 processor for Lubuntu. Other flavours of Ubuntu need a more powerful processor, at least a Pentium 4 or similar processor (made around 2004 or later). Most Intel and AMD processors are x86 processors. 32-bit and 64-bit processors are supported.

  Get a copy of the Ubuntu installer

  1. Go to www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download.
  2. The version 16.04.1 LTS of standard Ubuntu or one of the community flavours (Kubuntu, Lubuntu . Xubuntu) is a good choice.
  3. Choose your country (or one nearby) from the Download location drop-down list.
  4. Click Begin download to download the .iso image file needed to install Ubuntu. This will be about 700MB in size.

  You can choose other options, like a 64-bit CD image or a BitTorrent download, by clicking Alternative download options.

  Put the installer on a memory stick

  • Extract the iso file
    • Plug-in your USB memory stick.
    • Go to https://rufus.akeo.ie/ and download the Rufus USB installer. Put it on your Desktop or somewhere convenient.
    • See the detailed instructions at the Rufus website or at https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows

    Start the Ubuntu installer

    To start your computer from a memory stick, you might need to change the order of boot devices:

    1. Plug-in the memory stick and restart your computer.
       • BIOS mode: You should see a purple Ubuntu boot screen with white icons at the bottom (Figure 1).
       • UEFI mode: You should see a black screen with a GNU GRUB menu.
       • If your computer boots back into Windows, it is not yet set-up to boot from USB, so continue following these steps. Otherwise your computer has successfully booted from the memory stick. Skip to the Install Ubuntu section.
    2. If your computer boots back into Windows, restart the computer again. As soon as the first text appears on the screen, press the button to enter your BIOS/system setup. There should be a message telling you how to do this. You normally need to press one of the following keys: F1, F2, Del, Esc, F10, F11, or F12.
    3. A BIOS screen should appear. Find the option to change the Boot Order and change the first item in the boot order list to be USB Disk, or similar.
       • The USB Disk option may have a different name on your computer, for example: Removable Drive; USB-HDD; USB Mass Storage; or USB.
       • If there is no option to boot from USB Disk, your computer may not be able to boot from USB. See the http://www.pendrivelinux.com/testing-your-system-for-usb-boot-compatibility/ for a tool to test if your computer can boot from USB.
    4. After you have changed the boot order, save your changes and restart the computer. It should now start from the memory stick.

    Install Ubuntu

    1. In BIOS mode: Wait a few seconds and Ubuntu will start loading. Otherwise, you can press a key and a boot menu with more options will appear.
       • Press the F5 key to access universal access options like the screen reader and magnifier.
    2. After a few second or a minute or two (depending on your hardware), an Install window will appear. Select your language from the list to the left of the screen and select
       • Try Ubuntu or
       • Install Ubuntu
    • If you want to keep Windows installed and choose whether to start Windows or Ubuntu each time you start the computer, choose Install Ubuntu alongside Windows. This is called a dual-boot setup. Use the slider in the next window to choose how to share disk space between Windows and Ubuntu (Ubuntu should have at least 8 GB of space. It works better with 16 GB or more, which should be possible in a not too old computer).
    • If you want to remove Windows and replace it with Ubuntu, choose Erase disk and install Ubuntu. All of the files on the disk will be deleted before Ubuntu is put on it, so make sure you have backup copies of anything you wanted to keep.
    • For more complicated disk layouts, choose Something Else. You can manually add, modify and delete disk partitions using this option.

    What next?

    • Click the Applications menu at the top of the screen to start a program.
    • Click the Network Manager icon (near to the speaker icon) at the top right of the screen to connect to the Internet.
    • Use the System menu to change settings.
    • You can find help by clicking System -> Help and Support.

    What if things go wrong?

    I can’t boot from USB even though I have USB Disk (or similar) as the first option in my boot list

    Sometimes the memory stick will not be recognized when you boot. Leave it plugged in for 30 seconds or so, then restart with it left plugged-in. Or, unplug the memory stick, restart the computer and then plug it in as soon as anything appears on the screen (i.e. as early in the boot process as possible).

    Also, some BIOS options could interfere with USB booting. Go into the BIOS and try enabling or disabling options like Fast Boot, USB keyboard support and USB 2.0 support. Finally, make sure you haven’t selected a USB-FDD or USB-ZIP boot option. These will not work.

    Is it safer to resize my partition in Windows?

    Some people experience problems when booting into Windows, after they have resized the Windows partition using the Ubuntu installer. See HowtoResizeWindowsPartitions for a guide on an alternative method of resizing a Windows partition which is less likely to cause problems.

    References and further help

    Installation/FromUSBStickQuick (последним исправлял пользователь h196n2 2017-02-04 14:16:21)

    The material on this wiki is available under a free license, see Copyright / License for details
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