Ssh and scp in linux

11 Useful “ssh” and “scp” Commands in Linux

In this post, we are going to learn some useful ssh command and scp command with examples. SSH is a protocol that stands for Secure Shell which is a client-side command tool used to take remote session of Linux system securely. It uses Symmetrical and Asymmetrical encryption method to transfer data over the network. SSH is a highly recommended tool for taking a remote session of a server as it is the most secure way of connecting any server. SSH is the replacement of previously used unsecured remote tool like telnet. Port number of SSH is 22. The Versions of SSH are SSH Protocol Version 1 & SSH Protocol Version 2 also referred as SSH-1 and SSH-2. The difference between SSH-1 and SSH-2 is that SSH-2 supports Public Key Certificate while SSH-1 does not.

scp is a command line utility that is used to copy data from one Linux system to another over the network securely. Like SSH SCP also uses port number 22 to connect and transfer data over the network. SCP is a nice alternative and recommended tool against unsecured data transfer protocols like FTP, Telnet and it is highly secured to transfer data over the network as it uses SSH protocol to transfer data securely.

So let’s have a look at some important ssh command and scp command with examples.

I have two Linux Systems in my testing environment i.e. pc1 and pc2, Find the system details below.

Testing Environment Scenario :

Computer Name – pc1 IP Address – 192.168.0.105

Computer Name – pc2 IP Address – 192.168.0.106

1. Take remote of PC2 from PC1 using ssh command

As we all know that ssh is used to take remote console of other Linux system securely, So let’s take remote console of pc2 from pc1 you can use below ssh command.

# ssh username@IP Address of the Remote Computer

[root@pc1 ~]# ssh root@192.168.0.106 # Take Remote of PC2 from PC1 root@192.168.0.106's password: Last login: Thu Mar 9 09:14:34 2017 from 192.168.0.107

Remote taken Successfully, to confirm check the hostname and IP Address of the remote system as shown below.

[root@pc2 ~]# hostname pc2 [root@pc2 ~]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:01:77:E7 inet addr:192.168.0.106 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:77e7/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:9688 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4695 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:11157837 (10.6 MiB) TX bytes:370245 (361.5 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:960 (960.0 b) TX bytes:960 (960.0 b)

2. Take Remote Console of the System with Currently Logged in Username

You can take remote console of the system with currently logged in username. For example, here in pc1 I logged in using username “root” and I want to take remote session of the pc2 machine using same username i.e. “root” then we can use the below command.

[root@pc1 ~]# ssh 192.168.0.106 # Take Remote using currently logged in username root@192.168.0.106's password: Last login: Thu Mar 9 09:08:54 2017 from 192.168.0.107 [root@pc2 ~]# hostname pc2

3. Logout from Remote Console

To logout from already taken remote console use command logout. Refer the sample output below.

[root@pc2 ~]# logout # Logout from already taken remote console Connection to 192.168.0.106 closed.

4. Check the Version of Installed ssh Package

To check the currently installed ssh package version use ssh command with option -V. Refer the sample output below.

[root@pc1 ~]# ssh -V # check the currently installed ssh package version OpenSSH_5.3p1, OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013

5. Copy data from one Linux System to another over Network using scp command

To copy data from one linux system to another we can use scp command. Here I am copying data i.e. touch.txt file from pc1 to pc2. Refer the sample output below.

[root@pc1 ~]# touch text.txt # Create a Sample text File [root@pc1 ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg Documents install.log.syslog Public Videos data Downloads Music Templates Desktop install.log Pictures text.txt [root@pc1 ~]# scp text.txt root@192.168.0.106:/root/Desktop/ # Copy data from Local System to Remote System root@192.168.0.106's password: text.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00

6. Download/Copy Data from Remote System using SCP Command

To copy data from remote system to local system you can use the below command. Here I am copying data from pc2 to pc1.

[root@pc1 ~]# scp root@192.168.0.106:/data/database.txt /root/ # Copy Data from Remote System to Local using scp Command root@192.168.0.106's password: database.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00 [root@pc1 ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop install.log Pictures text.txt data Documents install.log.syslog Public Videos database.txt Downloads Music Templates

7. Copy data from Remote System to Local System Recursively

To copy a directory with all its content recursively you can use scp command with option -r. Refer the Sample Output below. Here I am copying a directory i.e. data from remote system i.e pc2 to local system i.e. pc1.

[root@pc1 ~]# scp -r root@192.168.0.106:/data /root/Desktop/ # Copy directory Recursively root@192.168.0.106's password: database.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00 [root@pc1 ~]# cd /root/Desktop/ [root@pc1 Desktop]# ls data [root@pc1 Desktop]# ls data/ database.txt [root@pc1 Desktop]#

8. Copy data from Local System to Remote System Recursively using scp command

To copy a directory with all its content recursively from local system to remote system you can use scp command with option -r. Refer the sample output below.

[root@pc1 ~]# ls apps/ test1.txt test2.txt test3.txt test4.txt test5.txt [root@pc1 ~]# scp -r apps/ root@192.168.0.106:/root # Copy directory Recursively from Local System to Remote System root@192.168.0.106's password: test2.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00 test1.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00 test4.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00 test5.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00 test3.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00

9. Connect and Executive a Command Simultaneously on Remote System using SSH Command

You can take the remote session of a server and run a command simultaneously. For Example, here I am taking remote of system pc2 and executing a command i.e. ifconfig. Refer the sample output below.

[root@pc1 ~]# ssh 192.168.0.106 "ifconfig" # take remote and run a command simultaneously root@192.168.0.106's password: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:01:77:E7 inet addr:192.168.0.106 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:77e7/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:9870 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4845 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:11182999 (10.6 MiB) TX bytes:393576 (384.3 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:18 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:18 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1058 (1.0 KiB) TX bytes:1058 (1.0 KiB)

10. Take Remote of the System by Different Username using ssh command

To take remote of the system with different username you can use ssh command with option -l. Refer the Output below.

[root@pc1 Desktop]# ssh -l root 192.168.0.106 # Take remote using different username root@192.168.0.106's password: Last login: Fri Mar 10 08:54:59 2017 from 192.168.0.107

11. Copy Hidden Files & Directories using scp command.

To copy hidden file and directories you can use ssh command with option -rp. one thing keep in mind that during copy hidden files and directories using scp command always put . (dot) at the end of the path for example “scp -rp /root/.“.

[root@pc1 ~]# scp -rp /root/. root@192.168.0.106:/hidden # Copy hidden files and directories using scp command root@192.168.0.106's password: .gtk-bookmarks 100% 107 0.1KB/s 00:00 .bashrc 100% 176 0.2KB/s 00:00 .bash_logout 100% 18 0.0KB/s 00:00 .bash_profile 100% 176 0.2KB/s 00:00 database.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00 .bash_history 100% 3327 3.3KB/s 00:00 database.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00 profiles.ini 100% 104 0.1KB/s 00:00 . . . home-2f9509b7.log 100% 32KB 32.0KB/s 00:00 addressbook.db 100% 12KB 12.0KB/s 00:00 addressbook.db.summary 100% 86 0.1KB/s 00:00 .ICEauthority 100% 1244 1.2KB/s 00:00 [root@pc1 ~]# ssh 192.168.0.106 root@192.168.0.106's password: Last login: Fri Mar 10 08:56:14 2017 from 192.168.0.107 [root@pc2 ~]# ls -a /hidden/ . data .gnote Pictures .. database.txt .gnupg Public anaconda-ks.cfg .dbus .gtk-bookmarks .pulse apps Desktop .gvfs .pulse-cookie .bash_history Documents .ICEauthority .ssh .bash_logout Downloads install.log .tcshrc .bash_profile .esd_auth install.log.syslog Templates .bashrc .gconf .local text.txt .cache .gconfd .mozilla Videos .config .gnome2 Music .cshrc .gnome2_private .nautilus

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SSH / TransferFiles

Another important function of SSH is allowing secure file transfer using SCP and SFTP.

Secure Copy (scp)

Just as all modern Unix-like systems have an SSH client, they also have SCP and SFTP clients. To copy a file from your computer to another computer with ssh, go to a command-line and type:

For example, to copy your TPS Reports to Joe’s Desktop:

scp "TPS Reports.odw" joe@laptop:Desktop/

This will copy TPS Reports.odw to /home/joe/Desktop, because SCP uses your home folder as the destination unless the destination folder begins with a ‘/’.

To copy the pictures from your holiday to your website, you could do:

scp -r /media/disk/summer_pics/ mike@192.168.1.1:"/var/www/Summer 2008/"

The -r (recursive) option means to copy the whole folder and any sub-folders. You can also copy files the other way:

scp -r catbert@192.168.1.103:/home/catbert/evil_plans/ .

The ‘.’ means to copy the file to the current directory. Alternatively, you could use secret_plans instead of ‘.’, and the folder would be renamed.

Secure FTP (sftp)

Finally, if you want to look around the remote machine and copy files interactively, you can use SFTP:

This will start an SFTP session that you can use to interactively move files between computers.

SSHFS

SSHFS is a recent addition to Linux that allows you to make a remote filesystem available over SSH act as if it was inside a folder on your own system. See SSHFS for details.

GNOME

Click File -> Connect to Server. Select SSH for Service Type, write the name or IP address of the computer you’re connecting to in Server. Click Add Bookmark if you want to make the connection available later in the Places sidebar. There are options to login as a different User Name, on a different Port number, and use a different default Folder.

Files can be copied by dragging and dropping between this window and other windows.

KDE

Open Konqueror, and in the address bar type:

fish://username@server_address

Files can be copied by dragging and dropping them between this window or tab and to other windows or tabs.

Using other programs

SecPanel and PuTTY also have file transfer utilities, although they’re generally not as easy to use as the ones discussed above.

SSH/TransferFiles (последним исправлял пользователь c-71-237-198-100 2015-01-16 00:19:38)

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