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2 Starting Up and Shutting Down

This section describes how to start up and shut down Oracle Database Express Edition. It contains the following topics:

Starting Up the Database

Oracle Database Express Edition (Oracle Database XE) starts up automatically immediately after installation and after each system restart. Thus, there is no need to start up the database unless you previously shut it down.

You can start up the database from the desktop or with the SQL Command Line (SQL*Plus). Each of these methods is described in the following sections:

Starting Up the Data base from the Desktop

This section explains how to start up the database from the desktop in Windows and in the following two Linux windowing managers: KDE and Gnome. If your Linux computer is not running a windowing manager, or is running a windowing manager other than KDE or Gnome, you must start the database with the SQL Command Line. See «Starting Up the Database Using the SQL Command Line» for instructions.

To start up the database using the desktop:

1. Do one of the following:
   • On Windows: Log in to the Oracle Database XE host computer as the user that installed Oracle Database XE or as a Windows administrator—that is, as a user who is a member of the Administrator group.
   • On Linux: Log in to the Oracle Database XE host computer as the user that installed Oracle Database XE or as a user who is a member of the dba user group. This is typically the user oracle . See «Operating System Authentication» for more information.
2. Do one of the following:
   • On Windows: Click Start , point to Programs (or All Programs) , point to Oracle Database 11g Express Edition , and then select Start Database .
   • On Linux with Gnome: In the Applications menu, point to Oracle Database 11g Express Edition , and then select Start Database .
   • On Linux with KDE: Click the icon for the K Menu, point to Oracle Database 11g Express Edition , and then select Start Database .

Starting Up the Databas e Using the SQL Command Line

When you start up the database with the SQL Command Line, you must run the SQL Command Line on the same computer where you installed Oracle Database XE (the «Oracle Database XE host computer»).

To start up the database using the SQL Command Line:

1. Do one of the following:
   • On Windows: Log in to the Oracle Database XE host computer as the user that installed Oracle Database XE or as a Windows administrator—that is, as a user who is a member of the Administrator group.
   • On Linux: Log in to the Oracle Database XE host computer as the user that installed Oracle Database XE or as a user who is a member of the dba user group. This is typically the user oracle . See «Operating System Authentication» for more information.
2. If not already opened, open a terminal session or command window.
3. Linux platform only: Ensure that environment variables are set properly. See «Setting Environment Variables on the Linux Platform» for details.
4. At the operating system prompt, enter the following command to start the SQL Command Line and connect to the database:

If the command is successful, it displays output similar to the following. (System global area sizes will vary depending on the amount of physical memory in your Oracle Database XE host computer.)

ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 599785472 bytes Fixed Size 1220804 bytes Variable Size 180358972 bytes Database Buffers 415236096 bytes Redo Buffers 2969600 bytes Database mounted. Database opened.

SQL> select count(*) from hr.employees;

Shutting Down the Database

Oracle Database Express Edition (Oracle Database XE) shuts down automatically when you shut down the computer that hosts it. However, you can also shut Oracle Database XE down manually whenever you want, such as to reduce the overall system processing overhead when you do not need to use the database.

Before shutting down Oracle Database XE, it is best to ensure that all users and applications have completed their work and logged out. See «Monitoring Sessions» for information on how to view current database sessions.

If users or applications are still logged in when you begin a shutdown operation, the shutdown proceeds under the following conditions:

• No new connections are permitted, and no new transactions are allowed to be started.
• Any uncommitted transactions are rolled back.
• All users and applications are immediately disconnected.

You can shut down the database with the desktop or with the SQL Command Line (SQL*Plus). Each of these methods is described in the following sections:

Shut ting Down the Database from the Desktop

This section explains how to shut down the database from the desktop in Windows and in the following two Linux windowing managers: KDE and Gnome. If your Linux computer is not running a windowing manager, or is running a windowing manager other than KDE or Gnome, you must shut down the database with the SQL Command Line.

To shut down the database using the desktop:

1. Do one of the following:
   • On Windows: Log in to the Oracle Database XE host computer as the user that installed Oracle Database XE or as a Windows administrator—that is, as a user who is a member of the Administrator group.
   • On Linux: Log in to the Oracle Database XE host computer as the user that installed Oracle Database XE or as a user who is a member of the dba user group. This is typically the user oracle . See «Operating System Authentication» for more information.
2. Do one of the following:
   • On Windows: Click Start , point to Programs (or All Programs) , point to Oracle Database 11g Express Edition , and then select Stop Database .
   • On Linux with Gnome: In the Applications menu, point to Oracle Database 11g Express Edition , and then select Stop Database .
   • On Linux with KDE: Click the icon for the K Menu, point to Oracle Database 11g Express Edition , and then select Stop Database .

Shutti ng Down the Database Using the SQL Command Line

When you shut down the database with the SQL Command Line, you must run the SQL Command Line on the same computer where you installed Oracle Database XE (the «Oracle Database XE host computer»).

To shut down the database using the SQL Command Line:

1. Do one of the following:
   • On Windows: Log in to the Oracle Database XE host computer as the user that installed Oracle Database XE or as a Windows administrator—that is, as a user who is a member of the Administrator group.
   • On Linux: Log in to the Oracle Database XE host computer as the user that installed Oracle Database XE or as a user who is a member of the dba user group. This is typically the user oracle . See «Operating System Authentication» for more information.
2. If not already opened, open a terminal session or command window.
3. Linux platform only: Ensure that environment variables are set properly. See «Setting Environment Variables on the Linux Platform» for details.
4. At the operating system prompt, enter the following command to start the SQL Command Line and connect to the database:

Note that this command may take a short while to complete. If the command is successful, it displays the following output:

Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down.

If the command displays no output after a number of minutes, indicating that the shutdown operation is not proceeding, you can press CTRL-C to interrupt the command, and then enter the following command:

The database must go through a recovery process when it starts up after a SHUTDOWN ABORT command. It is recommended that you enable the recovery process to take place immediately, after which you can shut down the database normally. To do this, enter the following commands when the SHUTDOWN ABORT completes:

SQL> STARTUP SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

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You can start and stop the database manually, set it to automatically after the system shuts down and starts, or using Enterprise Manager.

Shutting Down and Starting Up Using the Configuration Services Script

Execute these commands as root using sudo .

You can start and stop the database using the /etc/init.d/oracle-xe-18c script.

Run the following command to start the listener and database:

# /etc/init.d/oracle-xe-18c start

Run the following command to stop the database and the listener:

Run the following command to stop and start the listener and database:

# /etc/init.d/oracle-xe-18c restart

Run the following command to start the listener and database:

# systemctl start oracle-xe-18c

Run the following command to stop the database and the listener:

# systemctl stop oracle-xe-18c

Run the following command to stop and start the listener and database:

# systemctl restart oracle-xe-18c

Shutting Down and Starting Up Using SQL*Plus

You can shut down and start the database using SQL*Plus.

To shutdown the database, login to the oracle user with its environment variables set for access to the XE database, and issue the following SQL*Plus command:

$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

To start the database, issue the commands:

SQL> STARTUP SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN;

• Oracle Database 2 Day DBA for general information about managing a database
• Oracle Multitenant Administration Guide for more information about shutting down and starting a PDB

Automating Shutdown and Startup

Oracle recommends that you configure the system to automatically start Oracle Database when the system starts, and to automatically shut it down when the system shuts down. Automating database shutdown guards against incorrect database shutdown.

To automate the startup and shutdown of the listener and database, execute the following commands as root :

For Oracle Linux 6, run these commands:

# /sbin/chkconfig oracle-xe-18c on # /sbin/service oracle-xe-18c start

# systemctl daemon-reload # systemctl enable oracle-xe-18c

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You can start and stop the database manually, set it to automatically after the system shuts down and starts, or using Enterprise Manager.

Shutting Down and Starting Up Using SQL*Plus

You can shut down and start the database using SQL*Plus.

To shutdown the database, login to the oracle user with its environment variables set for access to the XE database, and issue the following SQL*Plus command:

$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

To start the database, issue the commands:

SQL> STARTUP SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN;

Automating Shutdown and Startup

Oracle recommends that you configure the system to automatically start Oracle Database when the system starts, and to automatically shut it down when the system shuts down. Automating database shutdown guards against incorrect database shutdown.

To automate the startup and shutdown of the listener and database, execute the following commands as root :

# systemctl daemon-reload # systemctl enable oracle-xe-21c

# systemctl daemon-reload # systemctl enable oracle-xe-21c

Shutting Down and Starting Up Using the Configuration Services Script

The XE configuration script shows an incorrect listener status message. When the database listener is stopped or down, the script might show the following listener status message :

/etc/init.d/oracle-xe-21c status Status of the Oracle XE 21c service: LISTENER status: NOT CONFIGURED XE Database status: STOPPED

This is an incorrect listener status message. It does not mean that the script in incorrectly configured.

Run the following commands as root using sudo .

Run the following command to start the listener and database:

# systemctl start oracle-xe-21c

Run the following command to stop the database and the listener:

# systemctl stop oracle-xe-21c

Run the following command to stop and start the listener and database:

# systemctl restart oracle-xe-21c

Run the following command to start the listener and database:

# systemctl start oracle-xe-21c

Run the following command to stop the database and the listener:

# systemctl stop oracle-xe-21c

Run the following command to stop and start the listener and database:

# systemctl restart oracle-xe-21c

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