Tl wn721n kali linux

Tl wn721n kali linux

There are many WLAN adapter on the market that has the option of running in monitor mode. The TP-Link TL-WN722N WLAN adapter is one of the more accessible and cheap adapters in Scandinavia. Unfortunately, it’s a bit of a pain to get up and running in Kali Linux. Especially the versions you can buy in stores today (v2/v3).

In this article, I will guide you through the process of installing the needed kernel module, and making it run in monitor mode in Kali Linux on a Virtual Machine in VirtualBox.

Enable adapter in VM

Make the Wi-Fi adapter accessable in the VM

Before the adapter can be used by Kali Linux, the adapter has to be enabled or attached to the VM. Open the settings for the VM, navigate to the USB menu, and add the Wi-Fi adapter to the VM. This way only the VM will be able to use the Wi-Fi adapter, and no other VM or your host OS.

Add the Wi-Fi NIC to the Kali Linux Virtual Machine

To make the adapter appear in the VM you might have to restart it. To check if it’s available you run the iwconfig command. If it’s discovered by the Operating System it will appear in the output.

iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11g ESSID:"haxor" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.427 GHz Access Point: 00:0D:9D:FF:FF:FF Bit Rate=48 Mb/s Tx-Power=20 dBm Sensitivity=8/0 Retry limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=91/100 Signal level=-39 dBm Noise level=-87 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:860 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:39 Missed beacon:8

As you can see from the output above the adapter was discovered. To enable monitor mode and start using it for ethical hacking you need to install a custom kernel module, and enable monitor mode.

Kernel module

Install the needed packages for your Kali VM

Before anything can be done, you need to have a fully updated version of Kali Linux. In my experience, the 2021 versions of Kali Linux do not break during updates. But proceed with caution! You might not be as lucky. Your best bet might be to download the newest VirtualBox image and proceed from there. To update Kali run these commands.

sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade

Now you must install the Linux kernel header files and the bc programming language packet. Both are necessary dependencies that are needed to compile the driver for the Wi-Fi adapter.

sudo apt install linux-headers-amd64 sudo apt install bc

Before we can use the new driver we must blacklist the default realtech kernel module (driver). To do this you first need to login as the root user. Please note that this is not possible to do with sudo privileges.

Once logged in as root you can blacklist the kernel module.

echo "blacklist r8188eu" > "/etc/modprobe.d/realtek.conf" exit

Now you are ready to download the sourcecode to the custom kernel modules for the Wi-Fi adapter.

cd ~/Downloads git clone https://github.com/aircrack-ng/rtl8188eus cd rtl8188eus

Once downloaded you can compile the kernel module and install it.

make sudo make install sudo modprobe rtl8188eus

After the installation, you can use the Wi-Fi adapter for ethical hacking.

WLAN sniffing

Make sure the adapter is running the new kernel module run this command

sudo airmon-ng PHY Interface Driver Chipset phy0 wlan0 8188eu TP-Link TL-WN722N v2/v3 [Realtek RTL8188EUS]

As you can see from the output — the kernel module was successfully installed and running. To enable monitor mode on the adapter run this command:

sudo airmon-ng --verbose start wlan0 Found 2 processes that could cause trouble. Kill them using 'airmon-ng check kill' before putting the card in monitor mode, they will interfere by changing channels and sometimes putting the interface back in managed mode PID Name 485 NetworkManager 3847 wpa_supplicant No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Kali Description: Kali GNU/Linux Rolling Release: 2021.4 Codename: kali-rolling Linux kali 5.14.0-kali4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.14.16-1kali1 (2021-11-05) x86_64 GNU/Linux Regulatory Domain appears to be unset, please consider setting it with 'iw reg set XX' https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/en/users/documentation/iw#updating_your_regulatory_domain Detected VM using lspci This appears to be a VirtualBox Virtual Machine If your system supports VT-d, it may be possible to use PCI devices If your system does not support VT-d, you can only use USB wifi cards K indicates driver is from 5.14.0-kali4-amd64 V indicates driver comes directly from the vendor, almost certainly a bad thing S indicates driver comes from the staging tree, these drivers are meant for reference not actual use, BEWARE ? indicates we do not know where the driver comes from. report this X[PHY]Interface Driver[Stack]-FirmwareRev Chipset Extended Info K[phy0]wlan0 8188eu[mac80211]-unavailable TP-Link TL-WN722N v2/v3 [Realtek RTL8188EUS] mode managed (monitor mode enabled)

From the verbose output for the command, you can see that it got activated in monitor mode. Another method of verifying that it is running in monitor mode is to run iwconfig:

iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wlan0 unassociated Nickname:"" Mode:Monitor Frequency=2.457 GHz Access Point: Not-Associated Sensitivity:0/0 Retry:off RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=0/100 Signal level=0 dBm Noise level=0 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0

As you can see from the output — the NIC is in monitor mode. You are now able to use it with wireshark and a lot of other fun networking tools. As a starter you can start running scan for access points and endpoints using airodump-ng:

sudo airodump-ng wlan0 CH 13 ][ Elapsed: 36 s ][ 2021-12-12 16:48 BSSID PWR Beacons #Data, #/s CH MB ENC CIPHER AUTH ESSID 72:02:71:7C:FF:FF -82 5 0 0 9 130 WPA2 CCMP PSK Victim_AP_01 72:02:71:7C:FF:FF -69 16 0 0 1 130 WPA2 CCMP PSK Victim_AP_02 50:C7:BF:4F:FF:FF -57 15 2 0 9 405 WPA2 CCMP PSK Victim_AP_03 BSSID STATION PWR Rate Lost Frames Notes Probes (not associated) 7E:45:E3:FF:FF:FF -38 0 - 5 0 3 Victim_AP_04

The Wi-Fi sniffer program airodump-ng will listen in on every channel looking for access points and devices. After a couple of minutes, you should have a list of all devices in the area. If you were able to successfully run airodump-ng using the Wi-Fi adapter you have verified that monitor mode is working correctly.

Congratulations. You now have a working Wi-Fi packet sniffing solution using the TP-Link TL-WN722N. Now, go ahead and use this for good!

Skarshaug Solutions © 2010 — 2023

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Atheros AR9271 for TP Link TL-WN721N not working on Kali Linux distribution

I’m trying to make my TP-LINK TL-WN721N Wireless USB card to work on Kali linux distribution when started within Virtual Box. I’ve been reading in Google and trying different things but nothing works. So, here is the output for lsusb:

Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0cf3:9271 Atheros Communications, Inc. AR9271 802.11n Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 003: ID 8087:0a2a Intel Corp. Bus 002 Device 002: ID 80ee:0021 VirtualBox USB Tablet Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub As you can see, the first one Atheros Communications. is the WLAN card. 

root@kali:/lib/firmware# ls -l htc* -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72684 Aug 27 14:21 htc_7010.fw -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 50980 Aug 27 14:21 htc_9271.fw 

[ 983.927278] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0cf3, idProduct=9271 [ 983.927282] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=16, Product=32, SerialNumber=48 [ 983.927284] usb 1-1: Product: USB2.0 WLAN [ 983.927285] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: ATHEROS [ 983.927286] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 12345 [ 983.961188] usb 1-1: ath9k_htc: Firmware ath9k_htc/htc_9271-1.dev.0.fw requested [ 983.961480] usb 1-1: firmware: direct-loading firmware ath9k_htc/htc_9271-1.dev.0.fw [ 984.992934] usb 1-1: ath9k_htc: Firmware - ath9k_htc/htc_9271-1.dev.0.fw download failed [ 984.992934] usb 1-1: ath9k_htc: USB layer deinitialized 

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