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How to know if the running platform is Ubuntu or CentOS with help of a Bash script?

How do I get the output from the terminal and compare to see if it is UBUNTU or CENTOS and perform the following commands?

Ubuntu 14.04

14 Answers 14

Unfortunately, there is no surefire, simple way of getting the distribution name. Most major distros are moving towards a system where they use /etc/os-release to store this information. Most modern distributions also include the lsb_release tools but these are not always installed by default. So, here are some approaches you can use:

# Determine OS platform UNAME=$(uname | tr "[:upper:]" "[:lower:]") # If Linux, try to determine specific distribution if [ "$UNAME" == "linux" ]; then # If available, use LSB to identify distribution if [ -f /etc/lsb-release -o -d /etc/lsb-release.d ]; then export DISTRO=$(lsb_release -i | cut -d: -f2 | sed s/'^\t'//) # Otherwise, use release info file else export DISTRO=$(ls -d /etc/[A-Za-z]*[_-][rv]e[lr]* | grep -v "lsb" | cut -d'/' -f3 | cut -d'-' -f1 | cut -d'_' -f1) fi fi # For everything else (or if above failed), just use generic identifier [ "$DISTRO" == "" ] && export DISTRO=$UNAME unset UNAME 

$ gcc --version gcc (GCC) 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-54) Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 

$ gcc --version gcc (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-3) Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 

$ gcc --version gcc (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) 4.6.3 Copyright (C) 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 

$ gcc --version gcc (Ubuntu 4.8.2-19ubuntu1) 4.8.2 Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 

This has basically been directly copied from @slm’s great answer to my question here.

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9 commands to check if connected to internet with shell script examples

In this article I will share multiple commands and examples to check if connected to internet for your Linux machine. At the end of the article I will also share some example to test internet connection from the Linux to external network using shell script.

But before we do that there are certain things you must take care of, such as

• You have IP Address assigned to your network interface (static or dhcp)
• Your gateway is reachable from the Linux system
• If you are on virtual machine then make sure your VM is configured to be able to connect external network
• Your DNS is properly configured

Now there are multiple commands which are available in Linux which can be used to check if connected to internet, we will try to discuss some of them here in brief.

1. Ping Test

The very first tool I use to check if connected to internet is via ping utility . But do you know how to check ping or perform ping check to check if connected to internet? Ping is part of iputils rpm so make sure iputils is installed on your setup

To perform ping check, try to ping any page on internet such as google.com

# ping -c 1 google.com PING google.com (172.217.166.110) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from maa05s09-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.166.110): icmp_seq=1 ttl=49 time=46.9 ms --- google.com ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 46.923/46.923/46.923/0.000 ms

Here we use -c 1 with ping tool to send only one packet . Now check the statistics section, we see 1 packet was transmitted and received and there was 0% packet loss so it means we are connected to internet.

If you execute ping check without -c argument then ping will continue to transmit packets, press Ctrl+C to stop the transmission any time and observe the statistics for «packet loss»

If you plan to check if connected to internet via shell script then you can use below, anything in the output other than «0» means not connected to internet.

# ping -c 1 -q google.com >&/dev/null; echo $? 0

If your system is using proxy server to connect to internet then ping check will not work. You can use other commands from this article to check if connected to internet

2. Check port availability using cat, echo..

There are various tools which can be used to check port availability which I will share in this article. But many of them are not installed by default so you may have to install them manually. Alternatively you can use below command to check if connected to internet without installing any additional rpm

If the output is 0 then it means you are connected to internet, but if the output is something like below

# cat < /dev/null >/dev/tcp/8.8.8.8/53; echo $? -bash: connect: Network is unreachable -bash: /dev/tcp/8.8.8.8/53: Network is unreachable 1

Then your linux node is not connected to internet.

Alternatively you can also use

# echo -n >/dev/tcp/8.8.8.8/53; echo $? 0

3. DNS lookup using nslookup, host etc..

You can perform a DNS lookup any web page address to check if connected to internet. With a successful DNS lookup you should get a response something like below.

# nslookup google.com Server: 192.168.0.10 Address: 192.168.0.10#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: google.com Address: 172.217.166.110 Name: google.com Address: 2404:6800:4007:811::200e

For a failed DNS lookup you should get something like

# nslookup google.com1 Server: 8.8.8.8 Address: 8.8.8.8#53 ** server can't find google.com1: NXDOMAIN

Now getting this error » server can’t find XXXX: NXDOMAIN » doesn’t specifically mean that the node is not connected to internet, it may also mean that the provided server XXX is invalid. So try to lookup a domain which you know is UP to avoid false positive.

There are many more commands to perform DNS lookup such as host, dig etc

4. Curl

curl is a tool to transfer data from or to a server, using one of the many supported protocols such as HTTP, FTP etc. We can also use this tool to query a webpage and test internet connection in Linux.

# curl -Is http://www.google.com | head -n 1 HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Here if you receive anything other than 200 OK then it means the server failed to connect to the provided page. So unless you provide an invalid webpage, your node is connected to internet

5. Telnet

Telnet is another tool to check port connectivity so you can check port availability of any webpage from the Linux node to check if connected to internet. We can try connecting port 53 of Google DNS to check internet connection.

# telnet 8.8.8.8 53 Trying 8.8.8.8. Connected to 8.8.8.8. Escape character is '^]'. Connection closed by foreign host.

As you see the session was » connected «. If you get an output like below

# telnet 8.8.8.8 53 Trying 8.8.8.8. telnet: connect to address 8.8.8.8: Network is unreachable

then it means there is a problem with internet connectivity.

6. Nmap

nmap is normally a port scanner to check the list of open ports on a system. We will use this to connect to external network to scan the port. If it is able to connect to the external network for port scanning then we can check if connected to internet.

# nmap -p 443 google.com Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-11-19 07:40 IST Nmap scan report for google.com (172.217.166.110) Host is up (0.054s latency). Other addresses for google.com (not scanned): 2404:6800:4007:811::200e DNS record for 172.217.166.110: maa05s09-in-f14.1e100.net PORT STATE SERVICE 443/tcp open https Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.77 seconds

Here I am scanning google.com on port 443. As you see highlighted section, nmap was able to establish connection with google.com

7. netcat or nc

In some variant of Linux you will find netcat while in others nc , you can use either of these tools for port scanning. nc or ncat is part of nmap-ncat rpm. Here we use nc command to check connection to google.com on port 443

# nc -vz google.com 443 Ncat: Version 7.70 ( https://nmap.org/ncat ) Ncat: Connected to 172.217.166.110:443. Ncat: 0 bytes sent, 0 bytes received in 0.07 seconds.

8. wget

GNU Wget is a free utility for non-interactive download of files from the Web. But we can also use this to check if connected to internet.

# wget -q --spider http://google.com ; echo $? 0

Here with —spider Wget will behave as a Web spider, which means that it will not download the pages, just check that they are there
With echo $? we check the exit status, anything other than 0 in the output means your system is not connected to internet

9. Traceroute

The traceroute command shows every step taken on the route from your machine to a specified host. Assuming you are having problems connecting to www.google.com so you can use traceroute to check all the hubs taken to reach the destination server. This will also test internet connection.

# traceroute www.google.com traceroute to www.google.com (216.58.196.164), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 _gateway (192.168.0.1) 3.046 ms 2.873 ms 3.291 ms 2 10.249.0.1 (10.249.0.1) 4.148 ms 4.676 ms 4.678 ms 3 broadband.actcorp.in (202.83.20.173) 5.153 ms 5.445 ms 6.305 ms 4 broadband.actcorp.in (202.83.20.181) 4.952 ms 6.212 ms 6.195 ms 5 * * * 6 72.14.194.18 (72.14.194.18) 48.202 ms 49.669 ms 49.504 ms 7 108.170.253.113 (108.170.253.113) 50.061 ms 108.170.253.97 (108.170.253.97) 48.480 ms 48.512 ms 8 216.239.43.239 (216.239.43.239) 49.911 ms 56.915 ms 216.239.43.235 (216.239.43.235) 57.610 ms 9 * * * 10 * * * 11 * * * 12 * * *

Here we were able to trace the route to google.com upto a certain point.

What do those * * * mean?

Each one indicates a five-second timeout at that hop. Sometimes that could indicate that the machine simply doesn’t understand how to cope with that traceroute packet due to a bug, but a consistent set of * indicates that there’s a problem somewhere with the router to which 216.239.43.239 hands off packets.

On a Linux system with no internet connection, you would face problem with DNS resolution itself

# traceroute www.google.com www.google.com: Name or service not known Cannot handle "host" cmdline arg `www.google.com' on position 1 (argc 1)

How To check if connected to internet using shell script?

You can easily use any or all the above commands/methods to check if connected to internet using bash/shell script.

For example by using wget you can test internet connection in the below shell script:

#!/bin/bash wget -q --spider https://google.com if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "Online" else echo "Offline" fi

Here this script will print the status of the internet, similarly for other scripts you can check the exit status and perform tasks accordingly.

Lastly I hope the steps from the article to check if connected to internet (test internet connection) on Linux was helpful. So, let me know your suggestions and feedback using the comment section.

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How to check if command is available or existant?

I am developing a console application in C on linux. Now an optional part of it (its not a requirement) is dependant on a command/binary being available. If I check with system() I’m getting sh: command not found as unwanted output and it detects it as existent. So how would I check if the command is there? Not a duplicate of Check if a program exists from a Bash script since I’m working with C, not BASH.

Im passing the program name with the version option, like system(«ls —version») . Well, at least that was my idea.

Wouldn’t it make more sense to check for all dependent commands/ package versions at install time? If they are there when the application is compiled/installed you can probably make a reasonable assumption they are there at run time. If its something you plan on distributing it would probably just be a good idea to list all your assumptions in the release notes/ man page. If you did this you could just house the concern of searching for these things in distro specific install scripts.

As I said in my question, I’m using the feature for a totally optional part of my project. I dont want people to need to recompile my project just because they installed this ‘dependancy’.

Well they wouldn’t need to compile(unless they wanted to). You could still distribute pre-compiled binaries. I’m just saying that the way most applications deal with this by checking for dependencies on a per distro basis at install time. That way you can use whatever tools are available on your supported distributions to check for dependencies. If this part of your project is optional and installed separately then you’d run the appropriate checks when you installed it.

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