Getting started with Google Test (GTest) on Ubuntu
Google test is a framework for writing C++ unit tests. In this short post, I explain how to set it up in Ubuntu.
Start by installing the gtest development package:
sudo apt-get install libgtest-dev
sudo apt-get install libgtest-dev
Note that this package only install source files. You have to compile the code yourself to create the necessary library files. These source files should be located at /usr/src/gtest. Browse to this folder and use cmake to compile the library:
sudo apt-get install cmake # install cmake cd /usr/src/gtest sudo cmake CMakeLists.txt sudo make # copy or symlink libgtest.a and libgtest_main.a to your /usr/lib folder sudo cp *.a /usr/lib
sudo apt-get install cmake # install cmake cd /usr/src/gtest sudo cmake CMakeLists.txt sudo make # copy or symlink libgtest.a and libgtest_main.a to your /usr/lib folder sudo cp *.a /usr/lib
Lets say we now want to test the following simple squareRoot function:
// whattotest.cpp #include double squareRoot(const double a) { double b = sqrt(a); if(b != b) { // nan check return -1.0; }else{ return sqrt(a); } }
In the following code, we create two tests that test the function using a simple assertion. There exists many other assertion macros in the framework (see http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/Primer#Assertions). The code contains a small main function that will run all of the tests automatically. Nice and simple!
// tests.cpp #include "whattotest.cpp" #include TEST(SquareRootTest, PositiveNos) { ASSERT_EQ(6, squareRoot(36.0)); ASSERT_EQ(18.0, squareRoot(324.0)); ASSERT_EQ(25.4, squareRoot(645.16)); ASSERT_EQ(0, squareRoot(0.0)); } TEST(SquareRootTest, NegativeNos) { ASSERT_EQ(-1.0, squareRoot(-15.0)); ASSERT_EQ(-1.0, squareRoot(-0.2)); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv); return RUN_ALL_TESTS(); }
The next step is to compile the code. I’ve set up a small CMakeLists.txt file below to compile the tests. This file locates the google test library and links it with the test application. Note that we also have to link to the pthread library or the application won’t compile.
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6) # Locate GTest find_package(GTest REQUIRED) include_directories($ ) # Link runTests with what we want to test and the GTest and pthread library add_executable(runTests tests.cpp) target_link_libraries(runTests $ pthread)
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6) # Locate GTest find_package(GTest REQUIRED) include_directories($) # Link runTests with what we want to test and the GTest and pthread library add_executable(runTests tests.cpp) target_link_libraries(runTests $ pthread)
Compile and run the tests:
cmake CMakeLists.txt make ./runTests
cmake CMakeLists.txt make ./runTests
Have fun testing! You can download all of the code above at my Github page: https://github.com/smistad/GTest
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89 Responses
I have gtest (mostly?) installed on my Raspberry PI 3 Model B+
The problem came in when I added “EXPECT_CALL” to the program.
Before that other things worked well.
Hope you can help!
The command line:
g++ gmockTest.cpp -std=c++11 -lgtest -lgtest_main -lgmock -pthread -o test
Got linker error:
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/cc30mKHm.o: in function `testing::internal::FunctionMocker, std::__cxx11::basic_string)>::AddNewExpectation(char const*, int, std::__cxx11::basic_string const&, std::tuple
gmockTest.cpp:(.text._ZN7testing8internal14FunctionMockerIFbNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEES7_EE17AddNewExpectationEPKciRKS7_RKSt5tupleIJNS_7MatcherIS7_EESG_EE[_ZN7testing8internal14FunctionMockerIFbNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEES7_EE17AddNewExpectationEPKciRKS7_RKSt5tupleIJNS_7MatcherIS7_EESG_EE]+0xcc): undefined reference to `testing::Expectation::Expectation(std::shared_ptr const&)’
HI when I’m executing make command its Showing no rule to make target
error .How to do it makefile Could you please explain anyone??
how to write gtest in cpp if there is no return value from the function.
please show the sample for the same
Modern CMake suggests never using include_directories() as you are operating on the directory level. It’s much better operate just on the targets. See Youtube video (at:18:26) “C++Now 2017: Effective CMake” by Daniel Pfeifer
Hi, thanks for this quick guidance. However, I constantly meeting this same error:
tests.cpp:(.text+0xf8): undefined reference to `testing::Message::Message()’
anything I did wrong?
It works on Ubuntu 16.04 if you clone the gtest repo, build it, and install the library manually
git clone https://github.com/google/googletest
mkdir -p googletest/build
cd googletest/build
cmake ..
make
sudo make install
Gtest is running in ubuntu 16.04 but not in ubuntu 18.04. Could you please tell what will be the issue.
[==========] Running 10 tests from 5 test cases.
[———-] Global test environment set-up.
[———-] 5 tests from AgentAppTest
[ RUN ] AgentAppTest.test_getInstance When 1st test case encountered it will stop running.
Add gtest_main to the target_link_libraries so you can remove your main method in the test code. Like so: `target_link_libraries(runTests $
Very helpful guide and compensates for Google’s near universal-inability to provide decent docs or getting started guides for its open source projects. Thanks very much for this!
compilation errors have occurred while I build the FAST library on ubuntu. /home/kerax/Desktop/FAST/src/source/CL/cl.hpp:4755:28: warning: ignoring attributes on template argument ‘cl_int
VECTOR_CLASS* binaryStatus = NULL,
^
In file included from /home/kerax/Desktop/FAST/src/source/CL/OpenCL.hpp:5:0,
from /home/kerax/Desktop/FAST/src/source/FAST/RuntimeMeasurementManager.hpp:6,
from /home/kerax/Desktop/FAST/src/source/FAST/ExecutionDevice.hpp:5,
from /home/kerax/Desktop/FAST/src/source/FAST/Data/DataObject.hpp:6,
from /home/kerax/Desktop/FAST/src/source/FAST/AffineTransformation.hpp:4,
from /home/kerax/Desktop/FAST/src/source/FAST/Visualization/View.hpp:5,
from /home/kerax/Desktop/FAST/src/source/FAST/Visualization/WindowWidget.hpp:13,
from /home/kerax/Desktop/FAST/src/source/FAST/Visualization/WindowWidget.cpp:1:
/home/kerax/Desktop/FAST/src/source/CL/cl.hpp:4755:28: warning: ignoring attributes on template argument ‘cl_int
VECTOR_CLASS* binaryStatus = NULL,
^
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:187: recipe for target ‘CMakeFiles/FAST.dir/all’ failed
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/FAST.dir/all] Error 2
Makefile:129: recipe for target ‘all’ failed
make: *** [all] Error 2
I just see two warnings, the actual error must be somewhere else in the output. If you need any help compiling FAST, please use the gitter chatrom instead: https://gitter.im/smistad/FAST
The tutorial for gtest is good, but the example isn’t well chosen. It’s not a good idea to return -1 for bad values, so why give that as an example? Better to show that you expect the function to return NaN for negative numbers, and infinity for positive numbers. That would actually be useful. If you want to write your own function, do hypotenuse rather than messing with a square root function that works!
Hello,
If I separate the main test from the code, it does not execute the tests and says 0 test executed. Any idea?. Thanks.
If you want to split the tests over multiple files you need to add the files to the line add_executable(runTests tests.cpp newFile.cpp) in CMakeLists.txt
Thank You. I had struggled months ago trying to get going with GoogleTest.
Your example gave me reassurance that the install went correctly.
I used it on Centos 7
# s/apt-get/yum
Again thanks for helping some many others.
Hello Erik,
I don’t find the gmock after following your setup instructions here(by installing libgtest-dev). How can I add gmock seamlessly and run successfully? I tried but I am keeping getting some error. So I have to uninstall libgtest-dev.
Thanks
Hi ..
I fallow the same steps but it was given error like . /usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_bvector.h:871:45: error: ‘((std::vector*)this)->std::vector. std::_Bvector_base::_M_allocate’ cannot be used as a function
/usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_bvector.h:876:7: error: ‘difference_type’ was not declared in this scope
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/runTests.dir/tests.cpp.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/runTests.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2 Please some one help to resolve this.
Worked out of the box! Nice! What about Google Mock? Any instructions for that? I understand it’s now under the Test fold. Lastly, I did this instead:
mkdir /usr/local/lib/gtest
cp *.a /usr/local/lib/gtest
ln -s /usr/local/lib/gtest/libgtest.a /usr/lib/libgtest.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/gtest/libgtest_main.a /usr/lib/libgtest_main.a
That way, the libs are contained in my local lib.
Haven’t tried google mock. Personally, I have moved on to using catch testing framework instead https://github.com/philsquared/Catch
That is what the last line in the cmake file does: target_link_libraries(runTests $
At the last step, when I type cmake CMakeLists.txt, I get these errors: CMake Error at /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:91 (MESSAGE):
Could NOT find GTest (missing: GTEST_INCLUDE_DIR)
Call Stack (most recent call first):
/usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:252 (_FPHSA_FAILURE_MESSAGE)
/usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindGTest.cmake:150 (FIND_PACKAGE_HANDLE_STANDARD_ARGS)
CMakeLists.txt:4 (find_package) — Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! Do you know how to solve this problem? Thanks.
Hi, I have solved this problem myself. Previously I was downloading Google test from
https://code.google.com/p/googletest/
and got the error. Now I am doing:
sudo apt-get install libgtest-dev
and exactly follow your steps. Now things work well. Thanks.
my folder structure is as below : deepak@deepak:/usr/src/gtest$ ll
total 1256
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Sep 18 18:29 ./
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Sep 18 18:03 ../
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 18 18:03 cmake/
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 11730 Sep 18 18:12 CMakeCache.txt
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Sep 18 18:12 CMakeFiles/
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1552 Sep 18 18:12 cmake_install.cmake
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 8664 Apr 16 2011 CMakeLists.txt
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1218562 Sep 18 18:12 libgtest.a
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 3726 Sep 18 18:12 libgtest_main.a
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 5903 Sep 18 18:12 Makefile
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 18 18:03 src/
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 19 14:48 unittest/
deepak@deepak:/usr/src/gtest$ cd unittest/
deepak@deepak:/usr/src/gtest/unittest$ ll
total 52
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 19 14:48 ./
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Sep 18 18:29 ../
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 12273 Sep 19 12:11 CMakeCache.txt
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Sep 19 14:48 CMakeFiles/
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1579 Sep 18 18:40 cmake_install.cmake
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 296 Sep 19 14:48 CMakeLists.txt
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 332 Sep 19 13:00 CMakeLists.txt~
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 4574 Sep 19 14:48 Makefile
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 499 Sep 19 14:22 tests.cpp
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 175 Sep 18 18:33 whattotest.cpp
Hi All, I got some reference error while execute “make” command.
Error :
Linking CXX executable runTests
CMakeFiles/runTests.dir/tests.cpp.o: In function `testing::AssertionResult testing::internal::CmpHelperEQ(char const*, char const*, int const&, double const&)’:
tests.cpp:(.text._ZN7testing8internal11CmpHelperEQIidEENS_15AssertionResultEPKcS4_RKT_RKT0_[testing::AssertionResult testing::internal::CmpHelperEQ(char const*, char const*, int const&, double const&)]+0x9b): undefined reference to `testing::internal::EqFailure(char const*, char const*, testing::internal::String const&, testing::internal::String const&, bool)’
CMakeFiles/runTests.dir/tests.cpp.o: In function `testing::AssertionResult testing::internal::CmpHelperEQ(char const*, char const*, double const&, double const&)’:
tests.cpp:(.text._ZN7testing8internal11CmpHelperEQIddEENS_15AssertionResultEPKcS4_RKT_RKT0_[testing::AssertionResult testing::internal::CmpHelperEQ(char const*, char const*, double const&, double const&)]+0x99): undefined reference to `testing::internal::EqFailure(char const*, char const*, testing::internal::String const&, testing::internal::String const&, bool)’
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [runTests] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/runTests.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2 Please help me in this. Thanks,
Deepakgiri Aparnathi