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How to list the size of each file and directory and sort by descending size in Bash?

I found that there is no easy to get way the size of a directory in Bash? I want that when I type ls — , it can list of all the sum of the file size of directory recursively and files at the same time and sort by size order. Is that possible?

What exactly do you mean by the «size» of a directory? The number of files under it (recursively or not)? The sum of the sizes of the files under it (recursively or not)? The disk size of the directory itself? (A directory is implemented as a special file containing file names and other information.)

@KeithThompson @KitHo du command estimates file space usage so you cannot use it if you want to get the exact size.

@ztank1013: Depending on what you mean by «the exact size», du (at least the GNU coreutils version) probably has an option to provide the information.

12 Answers 12

Simply navigate to directory and run following command:

OR add -h for human readable sizes and -r to print bigger directories/files first.

du -a -h --max-depth=1 | sort -hr 

du -h requires sort -h too, to ensure that, say 981M sorts before 1.3G ; with sort -n only the numbers would be taken into account and they’d be the wrong way round.

This doesn’t list the size of the individual files within the current directory, only the size of its subdirectories and the total size of the current directory. How would you include individual files in the output as well (to answer OP’s question)?

@ErikTrautman to list the files also you need to add -a and use —all instead of —max-depth=1 like so du -a -h —all | sort -h

Apparently —max-depth option is not in Mac OS X’s version of the du command. You can use the following instead.

Unfortunately this does not show the files, but only the folder sizes. -a does not work with -d either.

To show files and folders, I combined 2 commands: l -hp | grep -v / && du -h -d 1 , which shows the normal file size from ls for files, but uses du for directories.

(this willnot show hidden (.dotfiles) files)

Use du -sm for Mb units etc. I always use

because the total line ( -c ) will end up at the bottom for obvious reasons 🙂

PS:

• See comments for handling dotfiles
• I frequently use e.g. ‘du -smc /home// | sort -n |tail’ to get a feel of where exactly the large bits are sitting

du —max-depth=1|sort -n or find . -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1|xargs du -s|sort -n for including dotfiles too.

@arnaud576875 find . -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -print0 | xargs -0 du -s | sort -n if some of the found paths could contain spaces.

This is a great variant to get a human readable view of the biggest: sudo du -smch * | sort -h | tail

Command

Output

3,5M asdf.6000.gz 3,4M asdf.4000.gz 3,2M asdf.2000.gz 2,5M xyz.PT.gz 136K xyz.6000.gz 116K xyz.6000p.gz 88K test.4000.gz 76K test.4000p.gz 44K test.2000.gz 8,0K desc.common.tcl 8,0K wer.2000p.gz 8,0K wer.2000.gz 4,0K ttree.3 

Explanation

• du displays «disk usage»
• h is for «human readable» (both, in sort and in du)
• max-depth=0 means du will not show sizes of subfolders (remove that if you want to show all sizes of every file in every sub-, subsub-, . folder)
• r is for «reverse» (biggest file first)

ncdu

When I came to this question, I wanted to clean up my file system. The command line tool ncdu is way better suited to this task.

Just type ncdu [path] in the command line. After a few seconds for analyzing the path, you will see something like this:

$ ncdu 1.11 ~ Use the arrow keys to navigate, press ? for help --- / --------------------------------------------------------- . 96,1 GiB [##########] /home . 17,7 GiB [# ] /usr . 4,5 GiB [ ] /var 1,1 GiB [ ] /lib 732,1 MiB [ ] /opt . 275,6 MiB [ ] /boot 198,0 MiB [ ] /storage . 153,5 MiB [ ] /run . 16,6 MiB [ ] /etc 13,5 MiB [ ] /bin 11,3 MiB [ ] /sbin . 8,8 MiB [ ] /tmp . 2,2 MiB [ ] /dev ! 16,0 KiB [ ] /lost+found 8,0 KiB [ ] /media 8,0 KiB [ ] /snap 4,0 KiB [ ] /lib64 e 4,0 KiB [ ] /srv ! 4,0 KiB [ ] /root e 4,0 KiB [ ] /mnt e 4,0 KiB [ ] /cdrom . 0,0 B [ ] /proc . 0,0 B [ ] /sys @ 0,0 B [ ] initrd.img.old @ 0,0 B [ ] initrd.img @ 0,0 B [ ] vmlinuz.old @ 0,0 B [ ] vmlinuz 

Delete the currently highlighted element with d , exit with CTRL + c

ls -S sorts by size. Then, to show the size too, ls -lS gives a long ( -l ), sorted by size ( -S ) display. I usually add -h too, to make things easier to read, so, ls -lhS .

Ah, sorry, that was not clear from your post. You want du , seems someone has posted it. @sehe: Depends on your definition of real — it is showing the amount of space the directory is using to store itself. (It’s just not also adding in the size of the subentries.) It’s not a random number, and it’s not always 4KiB.

find . -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d | parallel du -s | sort -n 

I think I might have figured out what you want to do. This will give a sorted list of all the files and all the directories, sorted by file size and size of the content in the directories.

(find . -depth 1 -type f -exec ls -s <> \;; find . -depth 1 -type d -exec du -s <> \;) | sort -n 

[enhanced version]
This is going to be much faster and precise than the initial version below and will output the sum of all the file size of current directory:

echo `find . -type f -exec stat -c %s <> \; | tr '\n' '+' | sed 's/+$//g'` | bc 

the stat -c %s command on a file will return its size in bytes. The tr command here is used to overcome xargs command limitations (apparently piping to xargs is splitting results on more lines, breaking the logic of my command). Hence tr is taking care of replacing line feed with + (plus) sign. sed has the only goal to remove the last + sign from the resulting string to avoid complains from the final bc (basic calculator) command that, as usual, does the math.

Performances: I tested it on several directories and over ~150.000 files top (the current number of files of my fedora 15 box) having what I believe it is an amazing result:

# time echo `find / -type f -exec stat -c %s <> \; | tr '\n' '+' | sed 's/+$//g'` | bc 12671767700 real 2m19.164s user 0m2.039s sys 0m14.850s 

Just in case you want to make a comparison with the du -sb / command, it will output an estimated disk usage in bytes ( -b option)

As I was expecting it is a little larger than my command calculation because the du utility returns allocated space of each file and not the actual consumed space.

[initial version]
You cannot use du command if you need to know the exact sum size of your folder because (as per man page citation) du estimates file space usage. Hence it will lead you to a wrong result, an approximation (maybe close to the sum size but most likely greater than the actual size you are looking for).

I think there might be different ways to answer your question but this is mine:

ls -l $(find . -type f | xargs) | cut -d" " -f5 | xargs | sed 's/\ /+/g'| bc 

It finds all files under . directory (change . with whatever directory you like), also hidden files are included and (using xargs ) outputs their names in a single line, then produces a detailed list using ls -l . This (sometimes) huge output is piped towards cut command and only the fifth field ( -f5 ), which is the file size in bytes is taken and again piped against xargs which produces again a single line of sizes separated by blanks. Now take place a sed magic which replaces each blank space with a plus ( + ) sign and finally bc (basic calculator) does the math.

It might need additional tuning and you may have ls command complaining about arguments list too long.

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How to Get the Size of a Directory in Linux

Many users run Linux from the command line. However, the command line — sometimes known as the terminal — doesn’t have an intuitive interface for checking disk space in Linux.

This guide shows you how to find the size of a specific directory in Linux from the command line.

• A system running Linux
• A command line / terminal window (available by clicking Search, then typing terminal)
• A user account with sudo or root privileges

Note: In Linux, a directory is the equivalent of a folder in Windows. A directory may have directories inside (called subdirectories), or it may only contain files.

Option 1: Display the Size of a Directory Using the du Command

The du command stands for disk usage. This command is included by default in most Linux distributions.

You can display the size of your current directory by typing du in the command line:

The system should display a list of the contents of your home directory, with a number to the left. That number is the size of the object in kilobytes.

You can add the -h option to make the output more readable:

Each entry will start with a number and a letter. The number is the amount of space used, and the letter (usually K, M, or G) indicates Kilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes. For example:

400K – 400 kilobytes 7.3M – 7.3 megabytes 2.2G – 2.2 gigabytes

To find the size of a specific directory different from your current working directory. The du command allows you to specify a directory to examine:

This displays the size of the contents of the /var directory. You may see some entries with an error, as in the image below.

This happens when your user account does not have permission to access a particular directory. Use the sudo or su command to get access privileges:

Note: Some versions of Linux don’t enable sudo by default. You can use the su command to switch to the root user account instead.

To display total disk usage of a particular directory, use the -c command:

Options can be combined. If you wanted to repeat the previous command in human-readable format, enter the following:

You can limit the scan to a certain level of subdirectory by using the max-depth option. For example, to scan only the size of the top directory, use —max-depth=0 :

If you wanted to list only the top directory and the first layer of subdirectories, change —max-depth=1 :

If you run into trouble or want to explore more options for the du command, enter the following command to display the help file:

Option 2: Get Size of Directory in Linux Using tree Command

By default, the tree command is not included in some versions of Linux. To install it, enter the following:

The tree command displays a visual representation of your directories. It uses lines to indicate which subdirectories belong where, and it uses colors to indicate directories and files.

tree can also be used with options. To display a human-readable size of the current directory’s subdirectories, enter the following:

Like the du command, tree can target a specific directory:

This command takes a few moments since the /var directory has many entries.

The tree command also has a help file, which you can access by entering:

Option 3: Find the Size of a Linux Directory Using ncdu Command

The ncdu tool stands for NCurses Disk Usage. Like the tree command, it is not installed by default on some versions of Linux. To install it, enter the following:

The ncdu utility is an interactive display of your disk usage. For example, enter the following:

In the upper left corner, it displays the current directory being scanned. A column on the left displays the numerical size, a graph of #- signs to indicate the relative size, and the file or directory.

Use the up and down arrows to select different lines. The right arrow will browse into a directory, and the left arrow will take you back.

ncdu can be used to target a specific directory, for example:

For help, press the ? key inside the ncdu interface. To quit, press the letter q .

Note: Learn how to move directories in Linux using the GUI or system commands.

You now have three different options to find the size of a directory in Linux operating systems.

If you want to learn more about directories in Linux, read our article how to rename directories in Linux.

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