What hardware is supported by linux

How do I know what hardware is supported by Ubuntu?

I am planning to buy a new desktop for myself. I am planning on running Ubuntu on it. How can I be sure that what I am planning to buy ( cpu , graphics card, memory, mainboard ) will work happily with Ubuntu? ( like having drivers, giving full performance etc.. ) Is there any kind of list that I can check?

3 Answers 3

System76 sells laptops and desktops with Ubuntu preloaded. However, they are expensive. So, you can cheat. Go into the models they offer and they will tell you what hardware is in them. Put that specific hardware on your short-list.

http://www.linuxquestions.org/hcl/ is probably a good source.
However that is a community page, so it’s only as good as the contributions.

CPU and Motherboards are definitely going to work for at least the basic functions. The issues you may have would be with integrated NICs and Sound Cards, though in general Linux has a very broad range of support.

A good way to find out is to google the chipset itself for the motherboard or NIC and read up on the experiences that people have had with that particular chipset.

Memory won’t have much to do with Linux, more to do with the motherboard itself, so as long as the Memory is on the Motherboards Qualified Vendors List, you shouldn’t have any issues there.

For graphics cards, I would go with Nvidia as their Linux support is generally better than ATIs, however ATI is catching up pretty fast still.

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SupportedArchitectures

«Ubuntu is officially compatible with three very common processor architectures — x86 (aka i386), AMD64 (aka x86_64) and PowerPC.

Intel x86

This covers the vast majority of desktop PCs and small-to-medium servers. If you’re blissfully ignorant of the technical details of your computer, you most likely have this architecture.

Technically, this includes nearly all x86-based processors, including AMD and VIA (former Cyrix) processors, and newer processors like Athlon XP and Intel P4 Xeon. (286 and earlier processors are *not* supported by Ubuntu, or even Linux in general).

This architecture also covers nearly all bus systems that were ever used with these processors: ISA, EISA, PCI, MCA (Microchannel), and VESA Local Bus (VLB).

Note that Laptops may contain specialized or proprietary hardware; to check whether your laptop works well with Ubuntu, take a look at the Linux Laptop Pages.

AMD64 (x86_64)

You can use either x86 or x86_64 with a 64 bit processor, see advantages/disadvantages to running x86_64.

This covers AMD processors with the «amd64» extension and Intel processors with the «em64t» extension.

Please note that the ia64 architecture is for Intel Itanium Processors Only. (Intel’s «ia64» architecture is different. Ubuntu doesn’t officially support ia64 yet, but work is well underway, and many Ubuntu/ia64 packages are available as of 2004-01-16).

64 bit ARM SoCs (System on Chip) from multiple SoC vendors have been enabled and certified on Ubuntu 14.04 and newer releases. Please refer to https://www.ubuntu.com/download/server/arm for download and installation instructions. A list of Ubuntu certified ARM SoCs and Servers can be found on Ubuntu the SoC Certification (see https://certification.ubuntu.com/soc/) and Ubuntu Server Certification pages (see https://certification.ubuntu.com/server/).

POWER (OpenPOWER) Servers

As of Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, IBM’s POWER8 (ppc64el) architecture and its OpenPOWER variants are fully supported. Please refer to http://wiki.ubuntu.com/ppc64el for details.

S390X (IBM Mainframe Systems)

As of Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, certain systems that utilize IBM’s S390X architecture, also referred to as «System z» and «LinuxONE» are fully supported. Currently, these are: IBM z13, IBM z13s, IBM zEC12, IBM zBC12, LinuxONE Emperor and LinuxONE Rockhopper. Please refer to https://wiki.ubuntu.com/S390X for details.

PowerPC (legacy)

Please note, that PowerPC Long Term Support ended with Ubuntu 6.06. Updates were still available from Ubuntu Ports until Ubuntu 16.04.

This covers the majority of machines with a PowerPC CPU.

Most prominent are the Power Macintoshes produced by Apple. Note that older Macs with a Motorola 680×0 processor are *not* covered here. (They have the «m68k» architecture, which isn’t supported by Ubuntu but may be supported by other Linux distributions.)

The PowerPC family is quite varied though, you can find everything from Power Macintosh clones to IBM small-to-medium servers here.

This architecture also covers most bus systems that are in use with the PowerPC processor. The most notable exception is the Nu Bus, which was used in some Apple Macintosh models (before Apple switched over to PCI). (A Linux kernel and limited support for the Nu Bus can be found at http://nubus-pmac.sourceforge.net/).

• Manufacturer: Apple (Linux Subarchitecture: powermac-New World)
  • iMac Bondi Blue, 5 Flavors, Slot Loading
  • iMac Summer 2000, Early 2001
  • iBook, iBook SE, iBook Dual USB
  • iBook2
  • Power Macintosh Blue and White (B&W) G3
  • Power Macintosh G4 PCI, AGP, Cube
  • Power Macintosh G4 Gigabit Ethernet
  • Power Macintosh G4 Digital Audio, Quicksilver
  • Power Book G3 Fire Wire Pismo (2000)
  • Power Book G3 Lombard (1999)
  • Power Book G4 Titanium
  • Performa 4400, 54xx, 5500
  • Performa 6360, 6400, 6500
  • Power Macintosh 4400, 5400
  • Power Macintosh 7200, 7300, 7500, 7600
  • Power Macintosh 8200, 8500, 8600
  • Power Macintosh 9500, 9600
  • Power Macintosh (Beige) G3 Minitower
  • Power Macintosh (Beige) Desktop, All-in-One
  • Power Book 2400, 3400, 3500
  • Power Book G3 Wallstreet (1998)
  • Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh
  • Workgroup Server 7250, 7350, 8550, 9650, G3
  • Power Base, Power Tower / Pro, Power Wave
  • Power Center / Pro, Power Curve
  • C500, C600, J700, S900
  • APS Tech M*Power 604e/2000
  • Starmax 3000, 4000, 5000, 5500
  • Firepower, Power Stack Series E, Power Stack II
  • MPC 7xx, 8xx
  • MTX, MTX+
  • MVME2300(SC)/24xx/26xx/27xx/36xx/46xx
  • MCP(N)750
  • RS/6000 40P, 43P
  • RS/6000 Power 830/850/860 (6070, 6050)
  • RS/6000 6030, 7025, 7043
  • RS/6000 p640
  • RS/6000 B50, 43P-150, 44P
  • A1200, A3000, A4000

  This list is not exhaustive. New models are constantly being brought out, and some older models may be absent because they haven’t been tested.

  Multiprocessor Machines

  All of the above architectures may come in a multiprocessor flavor (often called «symmetric multiprocessing» or SMP). This is not a problem for Ubuntu: it can handle multiple processors just fine.

  The installation process may choose to use just one of the CPUs, but that’s no cause for alarm: you’ll be given the opportunity to adapt Ubuntu to your hardware later, from this page: CompileTheKernel.

  Sparc

  Sparc processors were supported from 6.06, 7.04, 7.10 on the server edition only. As of 8.04, Sparc is no longer commercially supported. It was maintained as an Ubuntu Port through 10.04.

  Other Architectures

  Ubuntu doesn’t currently support any other architectures. This doesn’t mean that Ubuntu won’t run — in fact it is entirely possible that it *will* install without a problem. After all, Ubuntu is based on the Debian distribution, which has support for eight additional architectures.

  However, if you run into problems, the Ubuntu people may or may not be helpful in getting you going — no promises here.

  Related Links

  SupportedArchitectures (последним исправлял пользователь guiverc 2022-08-12 05:42:58)

  The material on this wiki is available under a free license, see Copyright / License for details
  You can contribute to this wiki, see Wiki Guide for details

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  HardwareCompatibilityLists

  Запуск Linux-дистрибутивов на этом железе может привести к неработоспособности железа:

  Куда можно добавить информацию

  • Отправить информацию о компьютере с помощью perl-скрипта hw-probe, см. раздел ниже;
  • https://h-node.org — придётся зарегистрироваться. Добавление оборудования представляет из себя заполнение анкеты, также есть небольшая инструкция;
  • https://openbenchmarking.org — результаты тестов Phoronix, надо запустить у себя Phoronix test suite;
  • Если вы как-то особенно настроили lm-sensors для вашей материнской платы, добавьте конфигурацию согласно этой инструкции: lm-sensors Configurations;
  • linux-on-laptops — можно предложить добавить на сайт ссылку на обзор ноутбука с работающим linux;

  hw-probe: добавить информацию на linux-hardware.org

  Команда для отправки данных:

  sudo -E hw-probe -all -upload

  Пример создания ID, чтобы потом видеть все «свои» компьютеры:

  sudo hw-probe -generate-inventory -email my@example.com

  Пример отправки данных, с тестом производительности, но без информации о точках монтирования, размеров разделов и списка пакетов:

  sudo -E hw-probe -all -disable df,fdisk,lsblk,grub,dpkg -check -upload -i YOUR_ID

  Пакет hw-probe доступен (repology.org, pkgs.org) в стандартных репозиториях с Debian 11 Bullseye/Devuan 4 Chimaera/Ubuntu 20.04.

  Есть пакеты для основных дистрибутивов.

  См. также

  • HardwareDetect — полезные команды для определения типа установленного оборудования;
  • Использование Linux в сервисном центре — detect and test hardware;

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  Hardware Devices that Support GNU/Linux

  Knowing which hardware devices support GNU/Linux is important not only for practical reasons — you want your hardware to work with the software that you want to use — but also for ethical and political reasons.

  You can help the free software movement by purchasing hardware from manufacturers who support our goals and not purchasing from those who don’t.

  For example: the Free Software Foundation only purchases desktop machines which support Libreboot, and Thinkpad X200 and X60 laptops with Libreboot. All desktops and servers we buy are KGPE-D16 motherboards, which are supported by Libreboot. As a result, all of the workstations used by the FSF staff have a free BIOS. Where support for a free BIOS is not yet possible, or is limited, some companies have made the decision to sell computers running fully-free distributions of the GNU/Linux operating system.

  Further hardware resources

  To purchase new hardware that is supported without the need for proprietary drivers or firmware, check the following resources:

  • H-Node is a directory of hardware that is supported by the Free Software Foundation’s recommended list of GNU/Linux distributions. Many common distributions are not on this list, although the hardware should still be supported.
  • The FSF has an endorsement program for devices that use 100% free software. Such a device Respects Your Freedom. Check here first to find hardware that is good to buy. You can learn about the certification requirements for the Respects Your Freedom program here.
  • If you’re looking for a single-board computer (SBC) that supports free software, read this article about the SBCs available today. Some have workarounds, but some are fatally flawed and none are fully free.
  • Our Respects Your Freedom (RYF) certified products page lists products certified by the FSF to do as much as possible to respect your freedom and your privacy, and ensure that you have control over your device. You can find a list of motherboards that use 100% free boot firmware, with no blobs, here. For those that require nonfree microcode blobs, see coreboot.org.
  • The Libreplanet wiki collects information about plug computers, which are power-efficient computers in compact cases. A list of plug computers that have been evaluated for compatibility with free software can be found here.

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