What is database server in linux

MariaDB Database Server¶

The mariadb-server and it’s client mariadb are the open source alternatives to mysql-server and mysql, and they share command structure. mariadb-server can be found running on many web servers, due to the popular WordPress CMS which requires it. This database, though, has many other uses.

If you’d like to use this along with other tools for hardening a web server, refer back to the Apache Hardened Web Server guide.

Installing mariadb-server¶

We need to install mariadb-server:

dnf install mariadb-server

Securing mariadb-server¶

To strengthen the security of mariadb-server we need to run a script, but before we do, we need to enable and start mariadb:

The version of mariadb-server that comes enabled by default in Rocky Linux 8.5 is 10.3.32. You can install 10.5.13 by enabling the module:

dnf module enable mariadb:10.5 

And then installing mariadb . As of version 10.4.6 of MariaDB, MariaDB specific commands are available that you can use instead of the old mysql prefixed commands. These include the previously mentioned mysql_secure_installation which can now be called with the MariaDB version mariadb-secure-installation .

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): 

Since this is a brand new installation, there is no root password set. So just hit enter here.

The next part of the dialog continues:

OK, successfully used password, moving on. Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n] 

You absolutely do want to have a root password set. You’ll want to figure out what this should be and document it in a password manager somewhere so that you can pull it up if necessary. Start by hitting ‘Enter’ to accept the default «Y». This will bring up the password dialog:

New password: Re-enter new password: 

Enter your chosen password and then confirm it by entering it again. If this is successful, you will get the following dialog:

Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. . Success! 

Next the dialog deals with the anonymous user:

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] 

The answer here is «Y» so just hit ‘Enter’ to accept the default.

The dialog proceeds to the section dealing with allowing the root user to login remotely:

. Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] 

root should only be needed locally on the machine. So accept this default as well by hitting ‘Enter’.

The dialog then moves on to the ‘test’ database that is automatically installed with mariadb-server:

. Success! By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] 

Again, the answer here is the default, so just hit ‘Enter’ to remove it.

Finally, the dialog ask you if you want to reload the privileges:

- Dropping test database. . Success! - Removing privileges on test database. . Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] 

Again, simply hit ‘Enter’ to do this. If all goes well, you should receive this message:

 . Success! Cleaning up. All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MariaDB! 

MariaDB should now be ready to use.

Rocky Linux 9.0 Changes¶

Rocky Linux 9.0 uses mariadb-server-10.5.13-2 as the default mariadb-server version. As of version 10.4.3, a new plugin is automatically enabled in the server which changes the mariadb-secure-installation dialog. That plugin is unix-socket authentication. This article explains the new feature well. Essentially, using unix-socket authentication uses the credentials of the logged in user to access the database. It makes it so that if the root user, for example, logs in and then uses mysqladmin to create or delete a database (or any other function) that no password is needed for access. Same works with mysql . It also means there is no password to compromise remotely. This depends on the security of the users setup on the server for all of the protection of the database.

The second dialog during the mariadb-secure-installation after the password is set for the administrative user is:

Switch to unix_socket authentication Y/n 

Obviously, the default here is «Y», but even if you answer «n», with the plugin enabled, no password is requested for the user, at least not from the command line interface. You can specify either password or no password and they both work:

mysql -p Enter password: MariaDB [(none)]> 

For more information on this feature, refer to the link above. There is a way to switch off this plugin and go back to having the password as a required field, which is also detailed within that link.

Conclusion¶

A database server, such as mariadb-server, can be used for many purposes. Because of the popularity of the WordPress CMS, it is often found on web servers. Before we run the database in production, however, it is a good idea to strengthen its security.

Contributors: Ezequiel Bruni, William Perron

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What is MySQL in Linux?

MySQL is a relational database management system based on SQL – Structured Query Language. The application is used for a wide range of purposes, including data warehousing, e-commerce, and logging applications. The most common use for mySQL however, is for the purpose of a web database.

What is the use of MySQL in Linux?

MySQL Workbench. MySQL Workbench is a modeling tool that lets you design and generate MySQL databases graphically. It can also be used as an interface to execute SQL queries. MySQL Workbench is available on the School’s Linux Laboratory workstations.

What is meant by MySQL?

MySQL (/ˌmaɪˌɛsˌkjuːˈɛl/) is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). … A relational database organizes data into one or more data tables in which data types may be related to each other; these relations help structure the data.

How do I start MySQL in Linux?

ACCESS MYSQL DATABASE

1. Log into your Linux web server via Secure Shell.
2. Open the MySQL client program on the server in the /usr/bin directory.
3. Type in the following syntax to access your database: $ mysql -h -u username -p Password:

What is difference between SQL and MySQL?

In a nutshell, SQL is a language for querying databases and MySQL is an open source database product. SQL is used for accessing, updating and maintaining data in a database and MySQL is an RDBMS that allows users to keep the data that exists in a database organized. SQL does not change (much), as it is a language.

What is MySQL and how it works?

How Does MySQL Work? … MySQL creates a database for storing and manipulating data, defining the relationship of each table. Clients can make requests by typing specific SQL statements on MySQL. The server application will respond with the requested information and it will appear on the clients’ side.

Can I use MySQL in Linux?

Linux. The easiest way to install MySQL is to use the MySQL repositories: For Yum-based Linux distributions like Oracle Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and Fedora, follow the instructions in A Quick Guide to Using the MySQL Yum Repository.

How do I know if MySQL is running on Linux?

We check the status with the systemctl status mysql command. We use the mysqladmin tool to check if MySQL server is running. The -u option specifies the user which pings the server. The -p option is a password for the user.

Is MySQL part of Linux?

2.7 Installing MySQL on Linux from the Native Software Repositories. Many Linux distributions include a version of the MySQL server, client tools, and development components in their native software repositories and can be installed with the platforms’ standard package management systems.

Which is an example of DBMS?

Some DBMS examples include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft Access, SQL Server, FileMaker, Oracle, RDBMS, dBASE, Clipper, and FoxPro. Since there are so many database management systems available, it is important for there to be a way for them to communicate with each other.

What is MySQL full form?

The full form of MySQL is My Structured Query Language. It’s used on Computing ,Programming & Development in Worldwide. MySQL is the most popular Open Source SQL database management system. It is named after co-founder Monty Widenius’s daughter, My.

Which is better SQL or MySQL?

In terms of data security, the SQL server is much more secure than the MySQL server. In SQL, external processes (like third-party apps) cannot access or manipulate the data directly. While in MySQL, one can easily manipulate or modify the database files during run time using binaries.

How do I start and stop MySQL in Linux?

To Start or Stop MySQL

1. To start MySQL: On Solaris, Linux, or Mac OS, use the following command: Start: ./bin/mysqld_safe –defaults-file= install-dir /mysql/mysql.ini –user= user. …
2. To stop MySQL: On Solaris, Linux, or Mac OS, use the following command: Stop: bin/mysqladmin -u root shutdown -p.

How do I connect to MySQL?

To connect to MySQL Server:

1. Locate the MySQL Command-Line Client. …
2. Run the client. …
3. Enter your password. …
4. Get a list of databases. …
5. Create a database. …
6. Select the database you want to use. …
7. Create a table and insert data. …
8. Finish working with the MySQL Command-Line Client.

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