What is subversion in linux

Subversion

Apache Subversion is «a full-featured version control system originally designed to be a better CVS. Subversion has since expanded beyond its original goal of replacing CVS, but its basic model, design, and interface remain heavily influenced by that goal.»

This article deals with setting up an svn-server on your machine. There are two popular svn-servers, the built in svnserve and the more advanced option, Apache HTTP Server with svn plugins.

Apache Subversion setup

Goals

The goal of this how to is to setup Subversion, with Apache. Why use Apache for Subversion? Well, quite simply, it provides features that the standalone svnserve does not have.

• HTTPS support. This is more secure than the MD5 authentication used by svnserve.
• fine-grained access controls. You can use Apache auth to limit permissions by directory. This means you can grant read access to everything, but commit access only to trunk for instance, while have another group with commit access to tags or branches.
• a free repository viewer
• The Subversion team is working on seamless WebDAV integration. At some point you should be able to use any WebDAV interface to update files in the repository.

Installation

Install Apache HTTP Server as described in its article.

Besides Apache, you will only need to install the subversion package.

Subversion configuration

Create a directory for your repositories:

# mkdir -p /home/svn/repositories

Edit /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Ensure the following are listed. if not, add them (you will typically have to add just the last two), they must be in this order:

LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so LoadModule dav_svn_module modules/mod_dav_svn.so LoadModule authz_svn_module modules/mod_authz_svn.so

To SSL or not to SSL?

SSL for SVN access has a few benefits, for instance it allows you to use Apache’s AuthType Basic, with little fear of someone sniffing passwords.

Generate the certificate by:

# cd /etc/httpd/conf/ # openssl req -new -x509 -keyout server.key -out server.crt -days 365 -nodes

Add the following to /etc/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf (or to /etc/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf if you are not using ssl). Include the following inside of a virtual host directive:

 DAV svn SVNParentPath /home/svn/repositories AuthzSVNAccessFile /home/svn/.svn-policy-file AuthName "SVN Repositories" AuthType Basic AuthUserFile /home/svn/.svn-auth-file Require valid-user 

To make sure the SSL settings get loaded, uncomment the SSL configuration line in /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf so it looks like this:

LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so LoadModule socache_shmcb_module modules/mod_socache_shmcb.so Include /etc/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf

Create /home/svn/.svn-policy-file

[/] * = r [REPO_NAME:/] USER_NAME = rw

The * in the / section is matched to anonymous users. Any access above and beyond read only will be prompted for a user/pass by apache AuthType Basic. The REPO_NAME:/ section inherits permissions from those above, so anon users have read only permission to it. The last bit grants read/write permission of the REPO_NAME repository to the user USER_NAME.

Create /home/svn/.svn-auth-file

This is either an htpasswd, or htdigest file. I used htpasswd. Again, because of SSL, I do not worry as much about password sniffing. htdigest would provide even more security vs. sniffing, but at this point, I do not have a need for it. Run the following command

# htpasswd -cs /home/svn/.svn-auth-file USER_NAME

The above creates the file ( -c ) and uses SHA-1 for storing the password ( -s ). The user USER_NAME is created.

To add additional users, leave off the ( -c ) flag.

# htpasswd -s /home/svn/.svn-auth-file OTHER_USER_NAME

Create a repository

# svnadmin create /home/svn/repositories/REPO_NAME

Set permissions

The Apache user needs permissions over the new repository.

# chown -R http:http /home/svn/repositories/REPO_NAME

Create a project

Directory structure for project

Create a temporary directory with the branches tags trunk directory structure on your development machine.

Populate directory

Copy or move your project source files into the created trunk directory.

$ cp -R /my/existing/project/* ~/svn-import/trunk

Import the project

$ svn import -m "Initial import" ~/svn-import https://yourdomain.net/svn/REPO_NAME/

Test SVN checkout

$ svn checkout https://yourdomain.net/svn/REPO_NAME/ /my/svn/working/copy

If everything worked out, you should now have a working, checked out copy of your freshly created SVN repo.

Svnserve setup

Install the package

Create a repository

mkdir /path/to/repos/ svnadmin create /path/to/repos/repo1

Your initial repository is empty, if you want to import files into it, use the following command.

svn import ~/code/project1 file:///path/to/repos/repo1 --message 'Initial repository layout'

Set access policies

Edit the file /path/to/repos/repo1/conf/svnserve.conf and uncomment or add the line under [general]

You might also want to change the default option for anonymous users.

Replace «read» with «write» for a repository that anyone can commit to, or set it to «none» to disable all anonymous access.

Now edit the file /path/to/repos/repo1/conf/passwd

[users] harry = foopassword sally = barpassword

The above defines users harry and sally, with passwords foopassword and barpassword, change it as you like

Start the server daemon

Before you start the server, edit the configuration file:

SVNSERVE_ARGS="--root=/path/to/repos"

The —root=/path/to/repos option set the root of repository tree. If you have multiple repositories use —root=/path-to/reposparent . Then access independent repositories by passing in repository name in the URL: svn://host/repo1 . make sure that the user has read/write access to the repository files)

Optionally add a —listen-port if you want a different port, or other options.

By default, the service runs as root. If you want to change that, add a drop-in:

/etc/systemd/system/svnserve.service.d/50-custom.conf

Now start the svnserve.service daemon.

svn+ssh

To use svn+ssh://, we have to have a wrapper written for svnserve.

check where the svnserve binary is located:

Our wrapper is going to have to fall in PATH prior to this location.

Create a wrapper with the following content:

#!/bin/sh # wrapper script for svnserve umask 007 /usr/local/bin/svnserve -r /path/to "$@"

-r /path/to is what makes use of the svn co svn+ssh://server.domain.com:/reponame instead of :/path/to/reponame .

Start svnserve with new wrapper script like so:

# /usr/bin/svnserve -d ( start daemon mode )

we can also check the perms for remote users like this:

$ svn ls svn+ssh://server.domain.com:/reponame

++server.domain.com++ dev/ qa/ release/

Subversion backup and restore

To back up your subversion repositories, do this for each repository you have.

$ svnadmin dump /path/to/repo > /tmp/repo.dump

To restore the backup, create the corresponding repositories first:

$ svnadmin create /path/to/repo 

Then load svn dump into new repo:

$ svnadmin load /path/to/repo < /tmp/repo.dump

$ chown -R svn:svnusers /path/to/repo $ chmod -R g+w /path/to/repo/db/

These repositories should now be all setup.

Subversion clients

• kdesvn — Subversion client for KDE.

• RabbitVCS — Set of graphical tools written to provide simple and straightforward access to the version control systems you use.

• RapidSVN — GUI front-end for the Subversion revision system written in C++ using the wxWidgets framework.

See also

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